Consequently, symptoms may be mild even when anemia is severe. If severe, anemia causes shortness of breath, dizziness, and a rapid heart rate. Occasionally, the spleen and liver enlarge.

Younger adults who have pernicious anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor are more likely to develop stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers. In people with nerve damage, the legs are affected earlier and more often than the arms.

Tingling is felt in the feet and hands, or sensation in the legs, feet, and hands is lost. Their arms and legs may feel weak. People become less able to tell where their arms and legs are position sense and to feel vibrations.

Mild to moderate muscle weakness develops, and reflexes may be lost. Walking becomes difficult. Some people become confused, irritable, and mildly depressed. Advanced vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to delirium, paranoia thinking that people intend to harm them , and impaired mental function, including dementia. Usually, vitamin B12 deficiency is suspected when routine blood tests detect large red blood cells.

Doctors sometimes suspect it when people have typical symptoms of nerve damage, such as tingling or loss of sensation. If the deficiency is suspected, the level of vitamin B12 in the blood is measured. Usually, doctors also measure the blood level of folate to rule out folate deficiency Folate Deficiency Folate deficiency is common.

Because the body stores only a small amount of folate, a diet lacking in folate leads to a deficiency within a few months. Not eating enough raw leafy vegetables If vitamin B12 deficiency is confirmed in an older person, no other tests are done because the cause, such as low stomach acidity, is usually not serious. In a younger person, other tests, including other blood tests, may be done to determine the cause.

Endoscopy use of a flexible viewing tube to directly examine internal structures may be done to check for destruction of stomach cells that produce intrinsic factor. For infants of vegan mothers, starting vitamin B12 supplements immediately after birth helps prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. Older people with vitamin B12 deficiency benefit from taking vitamin B12 supplements because the deficiency usually results from difficulty absorbing the vitamin from meat. They can absorb the vitamin more easily from supplements than from meat.

Treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency or pernicious anemia consists of high doses of vitamin B12 supplements. If people have the deficiency but no symptoms, the vitamin may be taken by mouth.

Blood tests are done periodically to make sure the vitamin B12 level returns to and remains normal. People who have very low levels of vitamin B12 or symptoms due to nerve damage are usually given vitamin B12 by injection into a muscle. Injections, which may be self-administered, are given daily or weekly for several weeks until the vitamin B12 level returns to normal. Then injections are given once a month indefinitely, unless the disorder causing the deficiency can be corrected.

Anemia usually resolves in about 6 weeks. But if severe symptoms due to nerve damage last for months or years, they may become permanent. In most older people with vitamin B12 deficiency and dementia, mental function does not improve after treatment.

Merck and Co. As a reminder, the chief cells within the stomach will secrete the pepsinogen into the lumen of the stomach. The presence of the hydrochloric acid also provided by the parietal cells is necessary to convert the pepsinogen to pepsin. The functionally active pepsin can then degrade the newly ingested protein source holding onto to the vitamin B Upon this protein degradation, the free vitamin B12 will then proceed as above to be bound to an R-binder or transcobalamin I for entry into the duodenum.

Therefore, regardless of the molecular state of vitamin B12 ingested, it is mostly delivered to the duodenum as a complex with an R-binder. Intrinsic factor is also present in the gastric and intestinal contents that contain the vitamin B12 complexed to R-binders and being delivered to the duodenum.

In addition to the hydrochloric acid secreted from the stomach, the properly functioning parietal cells also secrete intrinsic factor, however nothing is bound to the intrinsic factor at this point. Upon entry into the second segment of the duodenum, the pancreas will secrete additional protease, which will then degrade the R-binders holding onto the vitamin B It is at this point the vitamin B12 will bind to or complex with intrinsic factor for the remainder of its journey to the ileum of the small intestine for absorption.

In fact, the liver's storage of vitamin B12 is significant enough that it could take a year or more before deficiency of vitamin B12 manifests into clinically relevant pathology. About Us Disclaimer Contact Us. Also, you must produce sufficient amounts of intrinsic factor. Other factors include inadequate consumption of Brich foods and over-consumption of alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol can lead to inflammation of the stomach, causing stomach acid to decrease. Thus, absorption of B12 decreases.

Similarly, as you age, the amount of acid in your stomach decreases, which may lead to inadequate B12 absorption. Improving absorption begins with consuming adequate amounts of Brich foods including meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy and fortified products. Vitamin B12 is typically found in animal products, so consider taking B12 supplements if you are a vegan. Vitamin B12 supplements are not bound by a protein, so less stomach acid is needed to absorb the vitamin.

If you regularly consume more than the recommended intake of one serving of alcohol per day for women and two for men, cut back on consumption to increase absorption.

They perform in plays, concerts and dances, and compete in arching and flag flying contests held between the two ancient factions of the Medieval Age, Parte de Sopra and Parte de Sotto. At the Table Cuisine here is basic and simple, with the local oil, golden and fruity, enriching every plate — without, meanwhile, robbing it of its original flavors.

The black truffle is much loved as a condiment for pasta and game. The terrain is also rather well-adapted to viticulture, and a temperate climate has endowed this zone with prestigious wines marked D.

Italian Tourism Official Website. Islands Sardinia Sicily. Read more. Faenza: the art of majolica The city of Faenza is very famous for one of the most ancient and sublime arts in the world: the art of ceramics, and, above all, for the special and Cerca nel sito. Art and History. Follow us on: Twitter Facebook Youtube Instagram. Discover Italy. Media Video. Press Contacts. Though Florence is the king of Italkian leather, handmade belts, shoes, jackets and purses of similar quality can be found in Assisi and throughout Umbria at better prices.

Although we generally avoid the more kitschy gifts that have sprung up around the themes of pilgrimage, this is one of the few places in the world where you can buy a St. Francis of Assisi bobblehead doll.

Just saying. Roca Maggiore overlooks all of Assisi. Photo by Berthold Werner. The massive Rocca Maggiore sits at the tip top of Assisi. From the Rocca Maggiore visitors can see Perugia to the North, Assisi below and the surrounding valleys beyond.

The Basilica of St. Photo by Aracuano Wikicommons. The most famous and probably most impressive attraction in Assisi is the Basilica of St. Construction on the Basilica was started immediately after St. The upper church, or Basilica Superiore , is covered with 28 frescoes by Giotto with extensive help from members of his school which are probably the main artistic stars of the church.

Each fresco is a scene from St. Though completed centuries ago, the frescoes are still fabulously vibrant. Also in the lower sanctuary is the Cripta di San Francesco — that is, the monumental tomb of St. Francis of Assisi. Francis and his Franciscan order. Did you know : St. His final resting place was unknown for years until being rediscovered in The three rose windows of San Rufino.

Photo by Georges Jansoone. Built atop an old Roman cistern in the 13th-century, the remodeled interior is primarily from the 16th century. Francis and St. Clare were baptized. The Cathedral was dedicated to San Rufino, or St. Rufinus, after he converted Assisi to Christianity in AD and was later martyred. Not to be confused with the church of the same name in Rome , this church is built inside a converted 1st century BC temple once dedicated to the Roman goddess of wisdom, Minerva.

Amid all the medieval and Renaissance buildings, its towering corinthian columns are a stark reminder of the power and beauty of Roman imperial architecture. When early Christians converted the temple they bestowed on it the name of the powerful Virgin Mary — a saint who could neutralize any lingering pagan power and influence.

The church of Santa Maria degli Angeli. Photo by Radomil Wikicommons. Mary of the Angels is a 16th-century, domed church located about 2. This Basilica is famous for housing the Porziuncola , a tiny stone structure considered the home of St.

Francis and his followers. Today the Porziuncola is a small church on the inside of Santa Maria degli Angeli. This is supposedly the house where St. Francis founded the Franciscan order and also the one he died in or near on October 3, The Holy House of Loreto is a structure that was brought to Italy, with some difficulty, all the way from Jerusalem because it was thought to be the house of the Virgin Mary.

The quaint courtyard of Can Damiano. Photo by Gunnar Bach Pedersen. San Damiano is a tiny church located outside of the walls of Assisi. According to legend, it was here that St. The church is just about one mile southeast from the city center and makes for a pleasant walk among the fields and olive trees. It also commands lovely views of the Valley of Spoleto. Sightseers gather in the shade outside the Chiesa Nuova. A beautiful view over St. One of the more prominent women in the history of the Catholic church, St.

Clare was St. Go to see the beautiful pink and white facade as well as the Crucifix of San Damiano. This is the symbol that St. Francis prayed toward when he had his religious awakening. Though you can tour the city center in just an afternoon, give yourself an overnight stay or at least a full day to truly soak in the atmosphere.

The historic city center of Assisi, Italy is small and welcoming, easily managed on foot. Bring your walking shoes and take it slow on the sometimes-steep, cobblestone streets!

Since a huge part of visiting Assisi is stepping inside its many gorgeous churches, be sure to dress appropriately. Shorts that cover your knees and shirts that cover your shoulders are a must for both men and women.

Students are trained for the business world of today and tomorrow. Associate degree or Diploma in Dental Assisting. You can prepare to work in areas such as general dentistry, oral surgery, endodontics, pediatric dentistry or prosthodontics.

Our dental assistant degree and diploma programs can provide you with practical administrative skills that you can apply in dental offices. With these programs, you can also benefit from the opportunity to participate in a dental assisting internship that can provide you with hands-on dental assisting training.

This real-world experience can help you develop the advanced clinical and clerical skills that can increase your marketability in the field. Associate of Applied Business in Medical Assisting.

With the Medical Assisting program, you can train in the skills you need to work with physicians in a variety of medical settings. Our program provides hands-on learning in important responsibilities such as taking vital signs, performing physical exams, EKG lead placement, venipuncture, urinalysis and medication administration.

When it comes to choosing from medical assistant colleges, choose one that offers both clinical and administrative skills. Medical biller and coders are important members of medical office teams as they ensure that healthcare providers are paid accurately and timely for their services. This program covers biological and behavioral sciences, general education topics, and the art and science of nursing. Upon completing the program, you can seek employment under the direction of a Registered nurse, physician, podiatrist, oral surgeon or other qualified professional.

Associate Degree in Sales Management. Get started in the corporate world and begin working your way up the ladder at Antonelli College. The Associate of Applied Business in Sales Management degree program can prepare you for a variety of business-to-consumer and business-to-business sales and sales-related positions. The Sales Management program includes in-depth training in personal selling, relationship building, persuasion, negotiations management, customer relations, marketing, ethics, communications and sales research.

Curriculum also gives you an in-depth look at culture, business opportunities and growth, ethics, and the future outlook of the field. With a marketing and social media degree, you can have a competitive workplace advantage! As a professional with a college degree in social media, you can be prepared for a variety of positions such as social media associate, social media analyst, social media manager, social media specialist, social media director, online marketer, interactive marketer, social network administrator or brand relations specialist.

Associate of Applied Business in Business Management. The Associate of Applied Business in Business Management degree program can prepare you for a variety of careers in corporate and small business settings. With this program, you can gain valuable customer service, critical thinking and teamwork skills.

With an Associate degree in Business Management, you can be prepared for opportunities that allow you to work with the president or CEO of a company or organization.

Associate of Applied Business in Financial Management. Today, financial management professionals are needed in almost every industry, including merchandising, manufacturing, service-related businesses, healthcare and government. This program focuses on accounting principles and applications that you need to know to pursue entry-level opportunities in the field. The program also offers an excellent foundation if you wish to pursue an advanced degree or your CPA. Associate of Applied Business in Paralegal Studies.

Antonelli College paralegal studies training gives you the opportunity to gain real-world knowledge and experience from your instructors who are qualified and licensed attorneys. Curriculum in this program focuses on investigation tactics, organization, client relations, transcription and customer service. You can also learn about client confidentiality requirements, legal research and writing and the basics of the field of law.

Associate of Applied Business in Information Technology. This Information Technology program can equip you with the knowledge, skills and confidence you need to seek entry-level careers in the field. The courses in this Associate degree program include training in hardware installation, network standards and protocols, security concepts, and server configuration. This Associate of Applied Science degree in Massage Therapy and Diploma in Massage Therapy programs can prepare you for entry-level positions in the field.

The massage therapy training emphasizes the importance of professionalism, personal development and communication skills in addition to the massage techniques you will learn. The school takes federal, state, and personal loans. Along with extensive job training and placement, the school offers many further services. Academic advisors and guidance counselors are available to any enrolled student.

Antonelli believes there is more to the education experience than just class and offers a wide variety of clubs and groups. For example, a student involved in photography class could join the Photo Geeks club if they wanted.

Online Campus If unable to attend one of the physical campuses online courses are offered. Degrees can be earned online in their Business IT track. These programs are accredited just as the physical ones are, so there is no reason to worry that your diploma will not be accepted by future employers. Known best for its Arts and Design programs, the college, offers programs in the following: Graphic Design, Interior Design, and Photography.

Each program features experienced educators that give hands-on and practical instruction with the goal of preparing the student for their career. Whether looking for a Business Degree on its own or coupling it with another plan, look no further than Antonelli. Each of these programs is instructed by experienced business people with real word experiences. These classes are small and personalized and even provide significant one-on-one time with instructors.

SEC Training Centers offer a personal experience with instructors as well as practical driving experience. It is the perfect option whether you are looking to drive locally, regionally, or throughout the entire country. Looking to get started in the medical business? They offer a wide variety of Associate degree programs designed to get you into the field. All of these will provide substantial career opportunities are starting points for those who wish to continue their education afterward.

Whether you are just out of highs school or have been considering going back to school for years, Antonelli College has you covered.

With exciting opportunities in many fields, excellent career-focused training, job placement, and a friendly student body — there is no reason to wait any longer! Gainful Employment Disclosures. Antonelli College Programs. Business Management. CDL Truck Driving. Dental Assisting. Financial Management. Information Technology. Interior Design. Marketing and Social Media Degree.

Massage Therapy. Medical Assisting.

We connect brands with social media talent to create quality sponsored content. Home Actress Ainsley Bailey. Ainsley Bailey Actress. March 11 , age Scottsdale , Arizona , United States. Ainsley Bailey is still Alive? Read More. Ainsley Bailey Interview with Wzra Tv.

Ainsley Bailey Fans Also Viewed. Take a look back at these Hollywood icons in their early days to see how far they've come in their careers. See the gallery. Watch the video. Sign In. Ainsley Bailey Actress Additional Crew. Down 7, this week. View rank on IMDbPro ». At the age of ten, Ainsley decided to give acting a try after she received a school newsletter containing an ad for a community theater production.

See full bio ». Filmography by Job Trailers and Videos. Hollywood Icons, Then and Now. One thing that was really exciting for me was when I found out Maggie Wheeler would be playing my mom. I was totally star struck but I tried my best not to show it. One day, she came to my dressing room to run lines with me so we could make sure our accents worked well together.

Janice was in our dressing room! I really hope I get to do another episode with her! As for the rest of the cast, everyone gets along really well and has been so sweet and welcoming! I knew Kenton from Dallas, so we definitely already had that Texas bond. I probably spend the most time with Adam on set since most of our scenes are together.

Have you been acting for a long time? What other jobs have you had? Admin Blogs Member Blogs. Answers Wiki Ask a question Answered questions Unanswered questions. Create your own episodes Post your fan ficton. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account?

Task Adding Fonts. Task Setting Up a Scanner. Task Setting Up a Digital Camera. Task Printing Photographs. Task Ordering Photo Prints from the Internet. Part 6. Task 1: Playing Games. Task 2: Changing the Volume. Task 3: Playing a Sound with Sound Recorder.

Task 4: Playing an Audio CD. Task 5: Working with Media Player Controls. Task 6: Changing the Visualizations. Task 7: Copying CD Tracks. Task 8: Using the Media Library. Task 9: Creating a Playlist. Task Tuning into the Radio. Task Playing a Video Clip. Part 7. Sending Faxes and E-mail. Task 1: Sending a Fax. Task 2: Receiving and Viewing Faxes. Task 3: Starting Outlook Express. Task 4: Reading Mail.

Task 5: Responding to Mail. Task 6: Creating and Sending New Mail. Task 7: Attaching a File. Task 8: Opening a File Attachment. Task 9: Deleting Messages.

Task Setting E-mail Options. Task Organizing Messages in Folders. Task Moving Messages. Part 8. Connecting to the Internet. Task 1: Starting Internet Explorer. Task 2: Browsing with Links. Task 3: Typing an Address. Task 4: Searching the Internet. Task 7: Rearranging Your Favorites List. Task 8: Using the History List.

Task 9: Clearing the History List. Task E-mailing a Page or Link. Task Setting Your Home Page. Task Setting Internet Privacy Levels. Task Turning on Firewall Protection. Task 1: Using Calculator.

Task 2: Using Command Prompt. Task 3: Using WordPad. Task 4: Typing Text. Task 5: Selecting Text. Task 6: Deleting Text.

Task 7: Copying Text. Task 8: Moving Text. Task 9: Formatting Text. Task Using Notepad. Task Using Paint. Task Drawing a Shape with Paint. Task Adding Text to a Drawing. Task Adding Color to a Drawing. Considering this, what are computer accessories? Accessories such as a keyboard and mouse may be essential in order to operate your computer.

Others - such as graphics tablets and barcode readers - may be useful for specialist tasks. Computer accessories are also called computer peripherals and can include printers and scanners and storage devices. One may also ask, what is Windows Accessories explain in details? Using Windows Accessories. Windows XP provides several accessories , or applications, that you can use to help you in your work. Accessories include a calculator, a painting program, a word processor, a text editor, and Internet applications.

Internet applications are discussed in Part 8, "Connecting to the Internet. Windows Accessories — Operating Systems Calculator. Windows Calculator is a calculating application included in all the versions of Windows. Snipping Tool. Character Map. To find Accessories, you just need to do the following: Click the Start Menu. Now click All Apps. You should see the alphabetical list of all apps. Scroll all the way down to the W, and you should see Windows Accessories. Click the little arrow next to it to expand it, and you should see all the familiar apps.

The Accessories folder, accessible through the Windows Start menu, is home to multiple useful programs. What are the 5 basic parts of a computer?

Hard Drive. Unlike RAM, the hard drive stores data even after the machine is turned off. Video Card. The video card provides the image seen on the monitor. What are the 7 major components of a computer? Motherboard is simply a Circuit Board which is Printed that contains the principal components of the computer with connectors.

The CPU. The RAM. I have also lost most of my shortcuts. I have decided to create new shortcuts for programs I need to open when I need to. That was cool and easy, Just one? I just bought a new computer and in the middle of all my upgrading and reinstalling I accidentally deleted system tools cause Im a tool!

Hey this worked fine on my Vista x86! My Remote Desktop Connection in addition to many others was restored without issue. Thanks for a quick solution that works! Thank your raymond. It really great for your comment.

Your comment is very useful for people like us. Thanks Raymond. As other said it will come handy some times in the future. This is very useful info for people like us. Thanks Raymond never know when this may comes in handy. It appears that this old PC does something different every day. Terry Strain 2 years ago. Sanjaya Thisara 3 years ago. Edward 5 years ago. Daniel 6 years ago.

Mohammed 6 years ago. V-Man 7 years ago. Lisa 7 years ago. Laelo 7 years ago. JMK 7 years ago. Mike 8 years ago. Nyanda 6 years ago. Mariane 8 years ago. Bill 9 years ago.

Visit Schlessinger MD. Free day shipping most orders, no minimums. Shop Now. Filter By. Minimum Value. Maximum Value. Some manufacturers do not allow retailers to display the price of their products. In order for us to continue serving you with the best dermatologist-recommended beauty products and to protect our relationships with our vendors, we have chosen to not show the price of certain products. For pricing, please click the "Contact us for pricing" link and fill out our easy-to-use form.

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He is the co-founder and CTO of Inrupt. Solid aims to give people control and agency over their data, questioning many assumptions about how the web has to work. Solid technically is is new level of standard at the web layer, which adds things never put into the original spec, such as global single sign-on, universal access control, and a universal data API so that any app can store data in any storage place.

Socially Solid is a movement away from much of the issues with the current WWW, and toward a world in which users are in control, and empowered by large amounts of data, private, shared, and public. Sir Tim is the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium W3C , a Web standards organization founded in which develops interoperable technologies specifications, guidelines, software, and tools to lead the Web to its full potential.

He is a Director of the World Wide Web Foundation which was launched in to coordinate efforts to further the potential of the Web to benefit humanity. Sijbrand de Jong. Internet prehistory at CERN. Minimising the muddle. Good old Bitnet, and the rise of the World Wi Richard Jacobsson. On the open internet and the free web. Home The Web History of the Web. The markup formatting language for the web.

It is also commonly called a URL. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web. This also implies freedom from indiscriminate censorship and surveillance.

Non-discrimination: If I pay to connect to the internet with a certain quality of service, and you pay to connect with that or a greater quality of service, then we can both communicate at the same level. This principle of equity is also known as Net Neutrality. Bottom-up design: Instead of code being written and controlled by a small group of experts, it was developed in full view of everyone, encouraging maximum participation and experimentation.

Universality: For anyone to be able to publish anything on the web, all the computers involved have to speak the same languages to each other, no matter what different hardware people are using; where they live; or what cultural and political beliefs they have. In this way, the web breaks down silos while still allowing diversity to flourish.

One was the original development version, which was sophisticated but available only on NeXT machines. It was clear that the small team at CERN could not do all the work needed to develop the system further, so Berners-Lee launched a plea via the internet for other developers to join in.

Several individuals wrote browsers, mostly for the X-Window System. This software ran in the X Window System environment, popular in the research community, and offered friendly window-based interaction. The existence of reliable user-friendly browsers on these popular computers had an immediate impact on the spread of the WWW. As progressed, stories about the Web hit the media. By the end of , the Web had 10 servers - of which were commercial - and 10 million users. Traffic was equivalent to shipping the entire collected works of Shakespeare every second.

His new associations troubled his friends Pissarro and Signac, who believed he was forsaking the pure study of color and light in favor of idealized subjects. Seurat's last major works depict Paris nightlife and all share a similar muted palette that differs greatly from the vibrancy of his earlier paintings. Apart from a brief period of renewed military service in summer , Seurat spent his summers on the Normandy coast, painting seaside scenes of Honfleur in , Port-en-Bessin in , Le Crotoy in and Gravelines in In winter he finished these paintings and produced large figure compositions.

Although executed in his Pointillist style, the dots tended to be finer and more spaced out, giving the paintings a more spontaneous appearance. After returning from this trip, he met Madeleine Knobloch, a year-old model, and started secretly living with her.

Knobloch gave birth to a son in February , unbeknownst to his friends and family. Madeleine Knobloch was pregnant again at the beginning of , while Seurat was at work painting The Circus. This painting would remain unfinished. On March 26, Seurat fell suddenly ill with a fever and died three days later. Seurat was only 31 when he died, yet he left behind an influential body of work, comprising seven monumental paintings, hundreds of drawings and sketches, and around 40 smaller-scale paintings and sketches.

Although his oeuvre is relatively small in quantity, it had a lasting impact. He was among the first artists to make a systematic and devoted use of color theory, and his technical innovations influenced many of his peers.

Poised between Impressionism in the 19 th century, and Fauvism and Cubism in the early th , Neo-Impressionism brought with it a new awareness of the surface qualities of painting, and of decorative effects, thereby contributing to the development of abstraction. Seurat is often cited by artists with an interest in the visual effects of color, form, and light.

This painting, and Seurat's career, inspired Steven Sondheim to write the musical Sunday in the Park with George We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!

Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Henri Matisse was a revolutionary and influential artist of the early 20th century, best known for the expressive color and form of his Fauvist style. Camille Pissarro was a French landscape artist best known for his influence on Impressionist and Post-Impressionist painting. Edouard Manet was a French painter who depicted everyday scenes of people and city life.

He was a leading artist in the transition from realism to impressionism. Painter and sculptor Edgar Degas was a highly celebrated 19th-century French Impressionist whose work helped shape the fine art landscape for years to come. Report error on this page. The Siene at la Grande Jatte Order a Hand-Painted Reproduction of this Painting. Biography of Georges Seurat. Life Georges Seurat was born into a very rich family in Paris.

Death Later he moved from the Boulevard de Clichy to a quieter studio nearby, where he lived secretly with a young model, Madeleine Knobloch. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Amanda Prahl. Assistant Editor.

Amanda Prahl is a playwright, lyricist, freelance writer, and university instructor. Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter. Featured Video.

On March 16, , Magsaysay flew to Cebu City to speak at three schools. On the return flight, the plane was reported missing in the early hours of March By that afternoon, it was discovered that the plane had crashed and Magsaysay and all but one person aboard had died.

Discover what else happened on This Day in History. Previous Article Next Article. Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. US — Corregidor was captured after the fall of Bataan. Dwight D. Imelda Marcos spent more than 20 years as the first lady of the Philippines before being driven from power.

She became infamous for her lavish spending habits before returning to politics. He served as president from to During his presidency, he sold oil to Cuba and resisted efforts to stop narcotic trafficking in Colombia, and subsequently strained relations with the United States. Ramon Magsaysay became the seventh president of the Philippines in and is credited with restoring law and order during the Philippine crisis of the s. Olivia Rodrigo —. Megan Thee Stallion —. An estimated 5 million people attended Magsaysay's burial on 31 March He is the most recent Philippine head of state to die in-office.

Military Wiki Explore. Popular pages. Project maintenance. Register Don't have an account? Ramon Magsaysay. Edit source History Talk 0. See also: Land reform in the Philippines. Main article: Cebu Douglas C crash. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, The Philippines: Through the centuries. Manila: University of Sto. Tomas Cooperative, Time Magazine.

September 6, Retrieved February 3, Retrieved Fedman totoobruary 3, Second page of Time Magazine's coverage of Rafael Lacson's case. Illusions of influence: the political economy of United States-Philippines relations, — Stanford University Press. ISBN Romulo and Marvin M. Philippine History and Government. National Bookstore Printing Press. Quezon Service Cross recipients. Emilio Aguinaldo Benigno Aquino, Jr.

Cancel Save. Universal Conquest Wiki. In office December 30, — March 17, Elpidio Quirino. Carlos P. In office January 1, — May 14, Oscar Castelo.

In office September 1, — February 28, In office May 28, — September 1, March 17, aged 49 Balamban, Cebu , Philippines. Nacionalista Party — Liberal Party [1] [2] — Luz Banzon m. Teresita Milagros Ramon. Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources. He intensified the campaign against the Hukbalahap guerillas, waging one of the most successful anti-guerilla campaigns in modern history. This success was due in part to the unconventional methods he employed, namely utilizing soldiers to distribute relief goods and other forms of aid to outlying, provincial communities.

Where before Magsaysay the rural folk looked on the Philippine Army if not in distrust, at least with general apathy, during his term as Defense Secretary Filipinos began to respect and admire their soldiers. In he resigned his post as defense secretary, criticizing the Liberal government and becoming the presidential candidate of the Nacionalist party.

In the Philippine election of , Magsaysay was decisively elected president over the incumbent Elpidio Quirino. He was sworn into office wearing the Barong Tagalog , a first by a Philippine president. As president, he was a close friend and supporter of the United States and a vocal spokesman against communism during the Cold War.

On March 16 , Magsaysay left Manila for Cebu where he was scheduled to speak at an educational institution.

William Brewster a reverend man, who afterwards was chosen an elder of the church and lived with them till old age. But after these things they could not bug continue in any peaceable condition, but were hunted and persecuted on every side, so as their former afflictions were but as fleabitings in comparison of these which now came upon them.

For some were taken and clapped up in prison, others had their houses beset and watched night and day, and hardly escaped their hands; and the most were fain to flee and leave their houses and habitations, and the means of their livelihood.

Yet these and many other sharper things which afterward befell them, were no other than they looked for, and therefore were the better prepared to bear them by the assistance of God's grace and Spirit. Yet seeing themselves thus molested, and that there was no hope of their continuance there, by a joint consent they resolved to go into the Low Countries, where they heard was freedom of religion for all men; as also how sundry from London and other parts of the land had been exiled and persecuted for the same cause, and were gone thither, and lived at Amsterdam and in other places of the land.

So after they had continued together about a year, and kept their meetings every Sabbath in one place or other, exercising the worship of God amongst themselves, notwithstanding all the diligence and malice of their adversaries, they seeing they could no longer continue in that condition, they resolved to get over into Holland as they could.

Which was in the year and ; of which more at large in the next chapter. Bradford uses the word Saint in the Biblical sense, as one of God's chosen people, or a church member. Professor , as used by Bradford and by Puritans generally, had no educational connotation; it merely meant one who professed Christianity.

Socrates Scholasticus, Greek historian of the 5th century A. Bradford's quotation is from lib. The row was between the Marian exiles who wished to abolish "service books" altogether which Bradford and the entire left wing of English Protestantism believed should have been done , and those who adopted the typically English compromise of a Book of Common Prayer.

The Marian exiles, or some of them, wished to reorganize the church on congregational principles which they believed alone to be sanctioned by the New Testament. Bradford means the Congregational discipline. His account of church history during Elizabeth's reign is of course a partisan one, unfair to the acts and the motives of everyone not in the left wing of Protestantism. On the blank page [4 V. Bradford in added what he called A late observation. William "Painful" Perkins, a graduate of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, whose works were much esteemed by all branches of Puritans.

Bradford's reference, to which he adds this remark: "The reformed churches shapen much near[er] the primitive pattern than England, for they cashiered the Bishops with all their courts, canons, and ceremonies, at the first; and left them amongst the popish tr[ash] to which they per[tained].

A paraphrase of the words of thc covenant that people made when they formed a separatist later called Congregational church.

An alumnus of Christ's College, Cambridge, who seceded from the Church of England in and preached to the separatist church at Gainsborough. This congregation emigrated in to Amsterdam, where Smith embraced a number of strange opinions and his church broke up. Richard Clyfton and John Robinson also were Cambridge alumni in holy orders who separated.

Clyfton and William Brewster organized thc separatist congregation at Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, which Bradford pined as a young man. The sentence on Brewster is written in a different ink from the rest of the chapter, having been inserted after thc Elder's death in Being thus constrained to leave their native soil and country, their lands and livings, and all their friends and familiar acquaintance, it was much; and thought marvellous by many. But to go into a country they knew not but by hearsay, where they must learn a new language and get their livings they knew not how, it being a dear place and subject to the miseries of war, it was by many thought an adventure almost desperate; a case intolerable and a misery worse than death.

Especially seeing they were not acquainted with trades nor traffic by which that country cloth subsist but had only been used to a plain country life and the innocent trade of husbandry.

But these things did not dismay them, though they did sometimes trouble them; for their desires were set on the ways of God and to enjoy His ordinances; but they rested on His providence, and knew Whom they had believed. Yet this was not all, for though they could not stay, yet were they not suffered to go; but the ports and havens were shut against them, so as they were fain to seek secret means of conveyance, and to bribe and fee the mariners, and give extraordinary rates for their passages.

There was a large company of them purposed to get passage at Boston in Lincolnshire, and for that end had hired a ship wholly to themselves and made agreement with the master to be ready at a certain day, and take them and their goods in at a convenient place, where they accordingly would all attend in readiness.

So after long waiting and large expenses, though he kept not day with them, yet he came at length and took them in, in the night. But when he had them and their goods abroad, he betrayed them, having before hand complotted with the searchers and other officers to do; who took them, and put them into open boats, and there rifled and ransacked them, searching to their shirts for money, yea even the women further than became modesty; and then carried them back into the town and made them a spectacle and wonder to the multitude which came flocking on all sides to behold them.

Being thus first, by these catchpoll officers rifled and stripped of their money; books and much other goods, they were presented to the magistrates, and messengers sent to inform the Lords of the Council of them; and so they were committed to ward. Indeed the magistrates used them courteously and showed them what favour they could; but could not deliver them till order came from the Council table.

But the issue was that after a month's imprisonment the greatest part were dismissed and sent to the places from whence they came; but seven of the principal were still kept in prison and bound over to the assizes. The next spring 2 after, there was another attempt made by some of these and others to get over at another place. And it so fell out that they light of 3 a Dutchman at Hull, having a ship of his own belonging to Zealand.

They made agreement with him, and acquainted him with their condition, hoping to find more faithfulness in him than in the former of their own nation; he bade them not fear, for he would do well enough.

He was by appointment to take them in between Grimsby and Hull, where was a large common a good way distant from any town. Now against the prefixed time, the women and children with the goods were sent to the place in a small bark which they had hired for that end; and the men were to meet them by land. But it so fell out that they were there a day before the ship came, and the sea being rough and the women very sick, prevailed with the seamen to put into a creek hard by where they lay on ground at low water.

The next morning the ship came but they were fast and could not stir until about noon. In the meantime, the shipmaster, perceiving how the matter was, sent his boat to be getting the men aboard whom he saw ready, walking about the shore. But after the first boatful was got aboard and she was ready to go for more, the master espied a great company, both horse and foot, with bills and guns and other weapons, for the country was raised to take them.

The Dutchman, seeing that, swore his country's oath sacremente, and having the wind fair, weighed his anchor, hoised sails, and away. But the poor men which were got aboard were in great distress for their wives and children which they saw thus to be taken, and were left destitute of their helps; and themselves also, not having a cloth to shift them with, more than they had on their backs, and some scarce a penny about them, all they had being aboard the bark.

It drew tears from their eyes, and anything they had they would have given to have been ashore again; but all in vain, there was no remedy, they must thus sadly part. And afterward endured a fearful storm at sea, being fourteen days or more before they arrived at their port; in seven whereof they neither saw sun, moon nor stars, and were driven near the coast of Norway; the mariners themselves often despairing of life, and once with shrieks and cries gave over all, as if the ship had been foundered in the sea and they sinking without recovery.

But when man's hope and help wholly failed, the Lord's power and mercy appeared in their recovery; for the ship rose again and gave the mariners courage again to manage her.

And if modesty would suffer me, I might declare with what fervent prayers they cried unto the Lord in this great distress especially some of them even without any great distraction. When the water ran into their mouths and ears and the mariners cried out, "We sink, we sink! Yet Lord Thou canst save! Upon which the ship did not only recover, but shortly after the violence of the storm began to abate, and the Lord filled their afflicted minds with such comforts as everyone cannot understand, and in the end brought them to their desired haven, where the people came flocking, admiring their deliverance; the storm having been so long and sore, in which much hurt had been done, as the master's friends related unto him in their congratulations.

Save to. Save to:. Save Create a List. Create a list. Save Back. Grades 6—8. Questions for Religious Beliefs What did the Reformers believe in? What do the Pilgrims Reformers see as the problem with the Church of England?

How did the Pilgrims react to hearing about Plymouth? Meeting Squanto, the Native American Who Spoke English All this while the Indians came skulking about them, and would sometimes show themselves aloof off, but when any approached near them, they would run away; and once they stole away their tools where they had been at work and were gone to dinner. With whom, after friendly entertainment and some gifts given him, they made a peace with him which hath now continued this 24 years in these terms: 1.

Why did the Pilgrims owe Squanto gratitude? Questions for The Winter of Why did so many people die during this winter? Which line from this excerpt signifies this? What was the result of the harvest and the Thanksgiving feast? View not found. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The political and religious leader Roger Williams c. He is also the founder of the first Baptist church in America.

His views on religious freedom Some people, many of them seeking religious freedom in the New World, set sail from England on the Mayflower in September That November, the ship landed on the shores of Cape Cod, in present-day Massachusetts. A scouting party was sent out, and in late December the In September , during the reign of King James I, a group of around English men and women—many of them members of the English Separatist Church later known to history as the Pilgrims—set sail for the New World aboard the Mayflower.

Two months later, the three-masted The Mayflower Compact was a set of rules for self-governance established by the English settlers who traveled to the New World on the Mayflower. When Pilgrims and other settlers set out on the ship for America in , they intended to lay anchor in northern Virginia.

But after That story is incomplete—by the time Englishmen had begun to establish colonies in earnest, there were plenty of French, Spanish, Dutch and even On May 14, , a group of roughly members of a joint venture called the Virginia Company founded the first permanent English settlement in North America on the banks of the James River. Famine, disease and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years English soldier and explorer Captain John Smith played a key role in the founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America, in In September , a merchant ship called the Mayflower set sail from Plymouth, a port on the southern coast of England.

The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of , after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. In , Massachusetts Senator George Frisbie Hoar, a member of the American Antiquarian Society, visited England to deliver an address in Plymouth on the th anniversary of the landing of the pilgrims.

During the trip he met the American ambassador to Great Britain, Francis Bayard, and told him about his struggle to get the manuscript returned, after which Bayard promised to do everything in his power to help. Hoar was later able to schedule a visit with the bishop, during which he viewed the manuscript and requested that it be returned, according to a speech he later made in that was republished in the New England Magazine:.

I think this book ought to go back to Massachusetts. Nobody knows how it got over here. Some people think it was carried off by Governor Hutchinson, the Tory governor; other people think it was carried off by British soldiers when Boston was evacuated; but in either case the property would not have changed.

Or, if you treat it as booty, in which last case, I suppose, by the law of nations ordinary property does change, no civilized nation in modern times applies that principle to the property of libraries and institutions of learning.

But the Americans who have been here — many of them have been commercial people — did not seem to care much about it except as a curiosity. I suppose I ought not to give it up on my own authority. It belongs to me in my official capacity, and not as private or personal property.

I think I ought to consult the Archbishop of Canterbury. Before leaving England, Hoar informed Ambassador Bayard of his conversation with the bishop and Bayard once again vowed to do what he could to help. After Hoar returned to Massachusetts, he contacted various historical societies and institutions as well as politicians to ask them to sign a formal letter requesting the return of the manuscript, which they did.

The letter was signed by: George F. Evarts, William T. Beaman, Joseph H. Coate, J. In the meantime, the Bishop of London, Dr.

These microbes conduct photosynthesis : using sunshine, water and carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and, yes, oxygen. In fact, all the plants on Earth incorporate symbiotic cyanobacteria known as chloroplasts to do their photosynthesis for them down to this day. For some untold eons prior to the evolution of these cyanobacteria, during the Archean eon, more primitive microbes lived the real old-fashioned way: anaerobically.

These ancient organisms—and their " extremophile " descendants today—thrived in the absence of oxygen, relying on sulfate for their energy needs. But roughly 2. At roughly the same time and for eons thereafter , oxidized iron began to appear in ancient soils and bands of iron were deposited on the seafloor, a product of reactions with oxygen in the seawater.

It took up residence in atmosphere around 2. What occurred 2. The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir. Swanson-Hysell, N. Cryogenian glaciation and the onset of carbon-isotope decoupling. Erwin, D. The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals.

Science , — Essential overview of our present understanding of the cause-and-effect relationships among early animal evolution and diversification, increasing ecological complexity, and environmental change—particularly oxygenation of the ocean and atmosphere. Love, G. Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian period.

Maloof, A. Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia. Butterfield, N. Oxygen, animals and oceanic ventilation: an alternative view. Geobiology 7 , 1—7 Sperling, E. Oxygen, ecology, and the Cambrian radiation of animals. Logan, G. Terminal Proterozoic reorganization of biogeochemical cycles. Nature , 53—56 Baldwin, G. Mo isotopic composition of the mid-Neoproterozoic ocean: an iron formation perspective.

The rise of atmospheric oxygen. A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time. Bergman, N. Sarmiento, J. Causes of anoxia in the world ocean. Cycles 2 , — Overmann, J. The sulfur cycle in the chemocline of a meromictic salt lake.

Tromp, T. A global model for the early diagenesis of organic carbon and organic phosphorus in marine sediments.

Acta 59 , — Kharecha, P. Geobiology 3 , 53—76 Thunell, R. Organic carbon fluxes, degradation, and accumulation in an anoxic basin: Sediment trap results from the Cariaco Basin.

Messie, M. Potential new production estimates in four eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems. Algeo, T. Mo—total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: Implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions. Paleoceanography 21 , PA Download references. Comments and criticism from A. Bekker, D. Erwin, I. Halevy and D. Johnston improved the manuscript. Timothy W. Lyons, Christopher T. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Correspondence to Timothy W. Reprints and Permissions. Download citation. Received : 11 April Accepted : 21 January Published : 19 February Issue Date : 20 February Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Earth, Planets and Space Nature By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Subjects Palaeoclimate. The presence of unoxidised sulphide metal-sulphur minerals and uraninite UO 2 grains in sediments is taken as evidence for low levels or absence of oxygen. Studies of sulphur isotope relations allow researchers to make inferences about whether there was an ozone layer in the early atmosphere. According to Kopp et al , about 2. This suggests oxygenic cyanobacteria evolved and radiated shortly before that time.

It has been suggested the earliest cyanobacteria evolved around 2. However, the recent paper by Crowe et al suggests an even earlier rise of oxygen. This inference is based on oxidation weathering detected by the researchers when they looked at the 2. The researchers noted the distribution of chromium isotopes and redox-sensitive metals in these soils.

Chromium isotopes are sensitive to reactions involving oxygen, with the heavier isotope being slightly more soluble when oxidised than the lighter one. The extra oxygen was in part converted in the atmosphere into ozone O 3 , which filters damaging solar ultraviolet radiation, allowing new microbial species to emerge.

When late Proterozoic oceans became enriched with oxygen, it allowed protein chains to develop. This meant Ediacara fauna — the earliest known multicellular organisms — could emerge in the oxygenated oceans.

Here's another video where our favourite chemists demonstrate oxygen's reactive properties: basically, they blow up stuff. Even though we haven't learned about chlorine yet, this NASA video discussing ozone is still interesting:.

Oxygen is a highly reactive gas at room temperature and is essential to life.

The flag design was revisited in This change was not popular in some circles as it was felt that the design of the Oklahoma State Flag was significantly unique without this reminder. In , the Oklahoma State Legislature again addressed the design of the state flag. Variations in color among manufacturers did not properly align with the spirit of the design and the 41st Oklahoma Legislature voted to rectify this:.

The following information was excerpted from the Oklahoma Statutes , Title The banner, or flag, of the design prescribed by Senate Concurrent Resolution No.

A sky blue field with a circular rawhide shield of an American Indian Warrior, decorated with six painted crosses on the face thereof, the lower half of the shield to be fringed with seven pendant eagle feathers and superimposed upon the face of the shield a calumet or peace pipe, crossed at right angles by an olive branch, as illustrated by the design accompanying this resolution, and underneath said shield or design in white letters shall be placed the word "Oklahoma", and the same is hereby adopted as the official flag and banner of the State of Oklahoma.

On the face of the shield shall be six small gold brown crosses that match the thongs lacing the edge of the shield. The edge of the lower half of the shield shall be fringed with seven pendant eagle feathers of white tipped with gold brown;.

Across the face of the shield at right angle shall be a calumet or Indian pipe of peace, which shall have a ruby red bowl, flesh stem and be decorated with a ruby red tassel at the end. Above the calumet, lying at a right angle shall be an olive branch of Dartmouth green; and. The name Oklahoma in white letters shall appear under the shield on the face of the flag. Colors shall be colorfast and shall not bleed one into another.

Added by Laws , c. Amended by Laws , p. Every officer, board or person having jurisdiction over the main administration building of any public institution in this state, shall have the flag of the State of Oklahoma displayed on the respective administration building every day except Sunday and when the weather is inclement. Ireland Flag. Israel Flag. Italy Flag. Ivory Coast Flag. Jamaica Flag. Japan Flag. Jordan Flag. Kazakhstan to Myanmar Flags. Kazakhstan Flag.

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Sunny Sunglasses. Tiger Lily Trio. Tulips on Red. Watercolor Daffodils. Watercolor Daisies. Watercolor Hyacinth. Watercolor Iris Banner. Watercolor Tiger Lily. Watercolor Tulips Banner. Welcome Sunflower. Wheel of Fire Banner. Orange Poppies Banner. Fall and Autumn Banners. Happy Halloween Banner. Carpet of Leaves Banner. Fall is in the Air Banner. Fall Leaves Design Banner. Fall Leaves Banner. Wheat Banner. Winter Holiday Banners. Candy Cane Holidays. Cartoon Ornaments. Chimney Santa Banner.

Christmas Morning. Christmas Tree Banner. Cookie Tree Banner. Dove Peace on Earth. Electric Tree Banner. Feliz Navidad Banner. Four Languages Wreath. French Horn Banner. State Rock. State Rock Song. State Seal. State Soil. State Song and Anthem. State Songs. State Tartan. State Theater Group. State Tree. State Vegetable. State Waltz. State Wildflower. Flag of Oklahoma Oklahoma State Flag. All State Flags The blue field signifies devotion, the shield is a symbol of defensive or protective warfare, but always surmounted by the olive branch and peace pipe which betoken the love of peace by a united people.

Its symbols of peace unite all people. The standard design and colors in the state flag shall be as follows: 1. The edge of the lower half of the shield shall be fringed with seven pendant eagle feathers of white tipped with gold brown; 3. Above the calumet, lying at a right angle shall be an olive branch of Dartmouth green; and 4.

The name Oklahoma in white letters shall appear under the shield on the face of the flag. The standard colors used in production of the state flag shall be: 1.

Pantone Matching System, Pantone Inc. Colors shall be colorfast and shall not bleed one into another. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 91a of Title 25, unless there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows: It shall be the duty of all state agencies and boards of education of this state to display the state flag with the standard design and colors as specified in Section 91 of Title 25 of the Oklahoma Statutes.

This act shall become effective November 1, Symbols of Oklahoma: okhistory. All Categories of State Symbols.