What is mediterranean descent

Thalassemia is tested with a complete blood count and a blood test that determines the proportion of the hemoglobin types present in the blood. If hemoglobin A2 is present at a higher rate in blood than expected, the person is identified as a carrier of thalassemia. Thalassemia major and thalassemia minor can be diagnosed - and distinguished from one another - not only through conventional clinical and blood testing, but also through molecular and genetic tests. These tests permit accurate diagnosis to be made at any time, even before birth.

The treatment of thalassemia starts with blood transfusion and supportive medication. If the bone marrow, which can be taken from healthy individuals with compatible tissues, is found, a marrow transplant can also be performed. It is crucial to make an early decision. Too many blood transfusions may make a marrow transplant difficult. The rate of success for the treatment of thalassemia in Turkey is very high with approximately percent.

The disease is not contagious. It passes from a carrier mother and father to the child through genetic transmission, meaning that it is a genetic feature transmitted from parents just like hair color and eye color.

Every feature develops with a pair of genes inherited one from the mother and the other from the father. Parents can transfer any of this gene pair to the child.

If the mother and father are carriers there is a 25 percent chance that the children are sick. So every child born to these couples will have a 25 percent chance of being sick and 50 percent chance of being a carrier. Population growth, combined with the growth of coastal urban hubs, generates multiple environmental pressures.

These stem from increased demand for water and energy resources, generation of air and water pollution in relation to wastewater discharge or sewage overflows, waste generation, land consumption, and degradation of habitats, landscapes, and coastlines. These pressures are further amplified by the development of tourism, often concentrated in Mediterranean coastal areas, and rapidly evolving changes in consumption patterns as a result of increasing development.

Conversely, many infrastructures designed today for dealing with environmental and pollution problems will not be fully relevant to the needs of The UfM Secretariat has estimated a 'Depollution Gap ' [29] based on the difference between the pollution that will be produced in and the pollution and flows that will be treated by the facilities that are already in place or are planned with secured funding.

Existing depollution targets can only be achieved if the current 'end-of-pipe' solutions are complemented by other policies dedicated to pollution reduction and control at source or recycling.

Maintenance and operational costs will rise significantly following recent investments, and countries will have to put in place adequate economic instruments to deal with operating costs separately from investment costs. In addition to the existing tariffs to be paid for the delivery of pollution abatement services, pollution charges are also needed.

Climate change , the scientific basis. Diurnal temperature variation is a meteorological term that relates to the variation in temperature that occurs from the highs and lows during the day. Stocker, D. Qin, G. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways', Mediterranean Marine Science 13 2 accessed 14 April The COP17 Paris, confirmed the importance given to the EcAp in the Mediterranean, by recognizing it as a guiding principle for the overall work under the Barcelona Convention.

SOER regional briefings provide an overview of state of the environment across three regions, identified as priority areas in the EU's 7th Environmental Action Programme. The EEA's task is to provide timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information on Europe's environment. For references , see www. Software updated on 09 November from version Code for developers. Systems Status. Legal notice. Creative commons license. CMS login. Toggle navigation Skip to content.

Advanced search A-Z Glossary. Error Cookies are not enabled. You must enable cookies before you can log in. Login Name. Forgot your password? You are here: The European environment — state and Countries and regions Mediterranean Sea region This website has limited functionality with javascript off.

Please make sure javascript is enabled in your browser. Topics: Climate change mitigation Water and marine environment. Brief introduction The Mediterranean Sea region — the largest of the semi-enclosed European seas — is surrounded by 22 countries, which together share a coastline of 46 km. This current is the most constant component of the circulation of the Mediterranean. It is most powerful in summer, when evaporation in the Mediterranean is at a maximum.

This inflow of Atlantic water loses its strength as it proceeds eastward, but it is still recognizable as a surface movement in the Sicilian channel and even off the Levant coast.

A small amount of water also enters the Mediterranean from the Black Sea as a surface current through the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles Coll et al. The Mediterranean region is characterized by winter dominated rainfall and hot dry summers. Even though large spatial climate variability and diversity exist within the Mediterranean basins, many areas can be classified as arid or semiarid.

The Mediterranean is an area of transition between a temperate Europe with relatively abundant and consistent water resources, and the arid African and Arabian deserts that are very short of water.

The Mediterranean region is experiencing a large stress on its water resources due to a combination of effects ranging from climate change to anthropogenic pressures due to an increasing water demand for domestic and industrial use, expansion of irrigated areas, and tourism activities.

These resources are unevenly distributed over space. Water resource availability in the Mediterranean has already been affected by environmental change, and is seriously jeopardized in future environmental, economic, and demographic scenarios Garcia-Ruiz et al. Most global hydrological models are based on expected trends in precipitation and temperature.

However, a number of studies have demonstrated the influence of land cover on river discharge and water resources. Climate and land cover change artificial and natural reforestation, deforestation, expansion of farming areas are likely to amplify water stress in the Mediterranean region, caused by a combination of decreased water resource availability lower precipitation and increased evapotranspiration and increased water use pressure resulting from economic growth and urban expansion.

Special attention to mountain areas is required, as they are the most important sites for water resource generation worldwide, and particularly in temperate and semi-arid areas including the Mediterranean basin.

However, mountain areas are facing increasing hydrological stress caused by a combination of i increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation, exceeding that in the lowlands; ii land use change, including natural and deliberate reforestation of abandoned farmland, thus increasing evapotranspiration and water consumption; and, iii increasing pressures on surface and groundwater resources, thus reducing river discharge and lowering the depth of the water table in groundwater-dependent areas.

The amount and distribution of rainfall in Mediterranean localities is variable and unpredictable. Maximum precipitation is found in mountainous coastal areas Figure 1. The climate in the region is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, humid winters. The annual mean sea surface temperature shows a high seasonality and important gradients from west to east and north to south. Coastal aquifers provide another source of freshwater discharge to the Mediterranean.

The submarine groundwater discharge from the coastal aquifers, estimated at 2. Seepage inflows are prevalent on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, dominated by karstic aquifer systems, as well as on the eastern and southern Mediterranean coast with semi-arid and arid conditions, limited precipitation and runoff, and limited surface watercourses and discharge points. Coastal seepage and submarine discharges are critical to the water balance and seawater quality in the marine sub-basins. They also support wetlands and brackish water habitats, important to biodiversity, and fishery nursery areas.

The coastal aquifers are threatened by over-exploitation and consequent seawater intrusion and water and land salinisation, which will add to the deficit in recharge of the Mediterranean. With a typical tidal range of less than 50 cm, the Mediterranean Sea is microtidal. This reduces the potential for dilution and dispersion of dissolved and particulate wastes. It is also one of the most oligotrophic i. The main source of nutrients in the Mediterranean lies in the inflowing Atlantic surface waters at the level of the Gibraltar Strait.