What is the significance of the maize vs flour division

Gallic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric, trans -ferulic and syringic acid were detected in the corn flour, while only gallic, protocatechuic and chlorogenic acid were detected in the wheat flour. A higher content of gallic For institutional orders, please contact sales wageningenacademic. About Issues Current issue List of issues. A comparison between wheat and different kinds of corn flour based on minerals, free phenolic acid composition and antioxidant activity.

Abstract References Cited by Full-text Abstract. New titles. Print ISSN: Institutional Offers For institutional orders, please contact sales wageningenacademic. What is this? A model of hazard and risk analysis for bread production and the awareness of food safety. Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on quality and shelf life of baby leaf lettuce. Islam, Y. Lee, M. Associate Professor, Dept. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Reprints and Permissions. Khalil, J. Nutritional evaluation of wheat and maize breads supplemented with a mixture of peanut-chickpea flour. Plant Food Hum Nutr 34, — Download citation. Received : 27 June Accepted : 09 August Issue Date : December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.

Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. References 1. Cereal chem — Google Scholar 9. Cereal Chem — Google Scholar Pakistan J Biochem —69 Google Scholar J Food Sci —, Google Scholar Pakistan J Sci Res 34 in press Acta Agric Scand — Google Scholar The protein content of QPM grains ranges from 7.

The lysine and tryptophan contents of QPM grains are about twice those of normal maize. There is also reduced imbalance between isoleucine and leucine. The grains of most available QPM cultivars contain on the average 3.

Also, the lysine content of the gluten of QPM grains is higher than that of normal maize grains [ 23 ]. The starch yielded by QPM grains is comparable to normal maize grains [ 98 ]. Starch contents of Of the triglycerides, QPM grains contain significantly more palmitic acid and linoleic acid than normal maize grain but less of stearic, oleic and linolenic acids [ 23 ]. Yellow grain types of both QPM and normal maize contain similar levels of carotenoids [ 6 ].

Sources: a Bressani et al. Some of the published work are summarised in Table These growth studies highlighted the superior feed value of QPM over normal maize. This is because a diet of good protein quality stimulates food intake and a higher diet intake raises calorie intake [ 36 , ].

On the other hand, a significant response is obtained when normal maize is supplemented with tryptophan. However, at optimal dietary protein levels, similar egg production was recorded. The major future challenges confronting maize utilisation in poultry production include the following:. Adverse effects of climate change on maize production have been reported in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been estimated that one quarter of the global maize areas is affected by drought in any given year [ ].

Competition between humans and animal agriculture. Maize is increasingly being used for human food and other industrial purposes including biofuel production.

Thus, in a world where the global population is continually increasing, the argument that producing feed for livestock conflicts with feeding hungry people is likely to continue for some years [ ].

Some challenges for widespread adoption of QPM in developing countries have been described [ ], which include lack of profitable markets for commercial producers and lack of government incentive to encourage adoption by subsidising the price of QPM seed. Normal maize is the most widely used single grain in poultry feeding due to a combination of desirable nutritional characteristics such as high energy, low fibre and easy digestibility. However, its low protein content and deficiencies of the protein in lysine and tryptophan have been a major nutritional concern for feeding poultry.

The benefits of feeding QPM grain to poultry are greater weight gain and more efficient feed conversion as well as less supplemental protein cost. There are, however, pertinent challenges confronting maize production such as adverse impact of climate change, stiff competition between humans and animal agriculture, and some challenges of widespread adoption of QPM.

There is a need to overcome these and other challenges in order to increase cheap meat production to meet the needs of the growing global population.

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Built by scientists, for scientists. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Downloaded: Abstract Maize, also known as corn Zea mays L , has been recognised worldwide as a major energy feed ingredient in the diets of poultry. Keywords maize Zea mays energy protein quality nutritive value poultry. Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Lipid content of maize grain Maize oil Table 4 is good quality oil both from nutritional standpoint Table 5 and in terms of cooking quality [ 13 ].

Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Ways of improving the protein quality of maize Although maize grain is relatively low in total protein and generally low in lysine and tryptophan, these shortcomings can be overcome by appropriate blending with animal products or legumes or oilseed products.

Protein complementation Protein complementation comprises various food mixtures of maize with other ingredients of plant origin which are higher in protein quality and protein content [ 33 , 35 , 36 ].

Table 8. Table 9. Vitamin content of maize grain Vitamins in maize grain are concentrated mainly in the aleurone layer and the germ [ 13 ]. Table Environmental factors Soil nitrogen appears to be the critical environmental factor that affects the protein content of maize [ 44 ].

Nutrient levels in QPM The nutrient composition of QPM is similar to that of normal maize with the exception of lysine, tryptophan, leucine and isoleucine contents [ 6 ]. More Print chapter. How to cite and reference Link to this chapter Copy to clipboard. Cite this chapter Copy to clipboard Herbert K. Dei February 15th Available from:. Over 21, IntechOpen readers like this topic Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers Suggest a book topic Books open for submissions.

More statistics for editors and authors Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Access personal reporting. More About Us. Lysine, tryptophan, threonine 3, 0. QPM d.